![]() In this respect, the choice of suitable screeners is further challenged by the complex interplay between disease-related outcomes-i.e., encephalopathic complications of COVID-19 and iatrogenic effects of COVID-19 treatments on the brain-and premorbid neurological/medical-general risk factors for cognitive impairment. However, little consensus has been reached as for which psychometric instruments should be adopted to this scope.Īmong screening tools, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) have proved effective in detecting global cognition deficits following COVID-19 -despite the former and the latter seemingly being more sensitive to severe and mild-to-moderate dysfunctions, respectively. Consistently, first-level cognitive assessment has been recommended in COVID-19-recovered individuals. DiscussionĪlthough both the MMSE and the MoCA proved to be equally able to detect severe cognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both RCD + and RCD- patients, the MoCA appeared to be able to reveal sub-clinical defects and more sharply discriminate between different levels of ability.ĭue to both primary and secondary encephalopathic features of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 patients may show both short- and long-term cognitive sequelae within the dysexecutive and amnesic spectrum -which have been postulated as negatively affecting prognosis and functional outcomes. However, agreement rates dropped when also addressing borderline, “low-end” normal, and normal ability categories-with the MoCA attributing lower levels than the MMSE (RCD + : Cohen’s k = .47 RCD-: Cohen’s k = .17). The two screeners yielded similar estimates of below-cut-off performances-RCD + : MMSE: 20%, MoCA: 23.6% RCD-: MMSE: 2.2%, MoCA: 4.4%. MMSE or MoCA adjusted scores were mostly unrelated to disease-related features. ![]() The two groups were comparable as for most background and cognitive measures. Equivalent scores (ESs) were adopted to examine classification performances of the two screeners. RCD ± classification was performed by taking into consideration both previous and disease-related conditions. ![]() Methodsĭata from N = 100 COVID-19-recovered individuals having been administered both the MMSE and the MoCA were retrospectively analyzed separately for each group. This study thus aimed at comparatively assessing the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in detecting cognitive deficits in post -COVID-19 patients premorbidly/contextually being or not at risk for cognitive deficits (RCD + RCD-). However, although cognitive screening has been recommended in recovered individuals, little is known about which instruments are suitable to this scope by also accounting for clinical status. Due to SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathic features, COVID-19 patients may show cognitive sequelae that negatively affect functional outcomes.
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